How often does Congress authorize the funding for operation and maintenance?

Congress authorizes funding for operation and maintenance on an annual basis, meaning that each year, the legislative body sets the budget for various agencies and programs, which includes funds for operation and maintenance activities. This annual authorization allows for adjustments based on the needs and priorities of the federal government, ensuring that agencies have the necessary resources to operate effectively throughout the fiscal year. The practice of annual funding aligns with typical budgetary cycles of government operations, which necessitate a review and reallocation of resources every 12 months.

In contrast, other options like biennially or every two years would imply a less frequent assessment and allocation of funds, which may not adequately address the dynamic nature of operational requirements that can emerge over time. Monthly funding, while potentially more responsive, is not practical or common within the broader economic framework of federal budgeting.